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Category: Law and Economics

As You Sow, So Shall You Reap: The Welfare Impacts of Contract Farming

My article on contract farming titled “As You Sow, So Shall You Reap: The Welfare Impacts of Contract Farming” is finally out in World Development. Here is the abstract:

Contract farming is widely perceived as a means of increasing welfare in developing countries. Because of smallholder self-selection in contract farming, however, it is not clear whether contract farming actually increases grower welfare. In an effort to improve upon existing estimates of the welfare impacts of contract farming, this paper uses the results of a contingent-valuation experiment to control for unobserved heterogeneity among smallholders. Using data across several regions, firms, and crops in Madagascar, results indicate that a 1-percent increase in the likelihood of participating in contract farming is associated with a 0.5-percent increase in household income, among other positive impacts.

If I had to summarize the paper’s contribution informally, I’d say the estimates it presents of the welfare impacts of contract farming have better internal and external validity than those found in previous studies.

Click here for an ungated, older version (link opens a .pdf document), but note that the results in the ungated version had not undergone peer review, so they are not as solid.

Beyond the Market, Part 3: A Paradox Discussed

I wrote two posts on the topic of markets last week. The posts were parts 1 and 2 of a longer post titled “Beyond the Market,” in which I highlighted some interesting facts and paradoxes about markets.

In response to those one of those paradoxes, Saleem writes:

I liked that bit:

‘It is always good, however, to keep in mind that those of us who live in industrialized countries — those of us who live in North America and in Western Europe, especially — are much less in contact with markets than some of us would like to believe.’

Would be cool to see that developed a bit more…”

So what did I mean when I said that we come in contact with the market much less than some people would have you believe?

Beyond the Market, Part 2: Market Paradoxes

Yesterday, I discussed Robert Neuwirth’s book Stealth of Nations: The Global Rise of the Informal Economy, which emphasizes the activities of “illegal street vendors and unlicensed roadside hawkers.”

I concluded by noting how that brought to mind a few conversations I’d recently had with a friend who was observing how, relative to Asia and Africa, few people actually knew how to hustle in America nowadays.

In my Law, Economics, and Organization seminar, I use an old textbook by Milgrom and Roberts. By “old,” I mean that it was the textbook used to teach economics of organization when I was in college. By “old,” I mean that the book is as old as some of my younger students. But I use it because it’s a classic, and because it covers just about everything one needs to know about law and economics and the economics of organization.

Market Paradoxes

In their book, Milgrom and Roberts highlight a first important paradox of markets (I am paraphrasing):