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Category: Agriculture

Super Committee: Cut US Farm Subsidies, Not Foreign Aid; Pass Go, Save $20 Billion

So says the Center for Global Development’s (CGD) Kimberly Ann Elliott in a recent post:

As a start, CGD colleague Connie Veillette and John Norris from the Center for American Progress identified five ways to “make aid more effective and save more than $2 billion.” Three of their five recommendations involve cuts in subsidies for farmers, shippers, and NGOs that would make US food aid policies more flexible, responsive, and development-friendly… and save a half billion dollars. In addition, Connie and John recommended cutting at least $1.5 billion from farm subsidies, which go disproportionately to larger, richer producers.

Increasingly in the congressional debate, the $5 billion in “direct payments” that go to farmers every year — regardless of crop prices or yields, and on top of any other subsidies they receive — have moved squarely into the budget-cutting bulls eye. Eliminating those payments, which were created almost two decades ago as part of a failed effort to reform farm subsidies, is certainly justified, but those payments are delinked from production and cutting them would do little to reduce the global distortions imposed on developing-country producers. There is also another $10-12 billion in trade-distorting subsidies that undermine incentives to invest in agriculture in developing countries – those should not escape the budget ax.

I have addressed this topic many times on this blog in order to make the exact same point Connie Veillette and John Norris make. In chronological order:

Some Much-Needed Good News on the Food Prices Front

From the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations comes much-needed good news on the food prices front:

The food price index averaged 216 points in October 2011, down 4 percent, or as much as 9 points, from September and 22 points, or 9 percent, below its peak of 238 points reached in February 2011. The index has been falling steadily since June and, in October,  dropped to an 11-month low, but still some 5 percent above the corresponding period last year. The decline reflects sharp decreases in  international prices of all the commodities included in the index.

Indeed, the food price index encompasses five food categories: cereals, oils and fats, meat, dairy, and sugar. The real good news is that the price of cereals — which constitute the bulk of the diet of the poor in developing countries — has also declined significantly:

The cereal price index averaged 232 points in October,  down 5 percent, or 13 points, from September,  15 percent below its peak in April 2008, though 5 percent, or 12 points, higher than in October 2010.  The continuing decline in the monthly value of the cereal price index reflects this year’s prospect for a strong production recovery and slow economic growth in many developed countries weighing on overall demand, particularly from the feed and biofuels sectors.

We should also expect a decline in social unrest throughout the world as a consequences of lower food prices (link opens a .pdf document).

Malthus, Africa’s Albertine Rift, and Underappreciated Development Economists

From an article in the November 2011 issue of National Geographic magazine on Africa’s Albertine Rift:

By the mid-1980s every acre of arable land outside the parks was being farmed. Sons were inheriting increasingly smaller plots of land, if any at all. Soils were depleted. Tensions were high. Belgian economists Catherine André and Jean-Philippe Platteau conducted a study of land disputes in one region in Rwanda before the genocide and found that more and more households were struggling to feed themselves on little land. Interviewing residents after the genocide, the researchers found it was not uncommon to hear Rwandans argue that “war is necessary to wipe out an excess of population and to bring numbers into line with the available land resources.” Thomas Malthus, the famed English economist who posited that population growth would outstrip the planet’s ability to sustain it unless kept in check by starvation, disease, or war, couldn’t have put it more succinctly.